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Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is the vital physiological process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. It is a tightly regulated process essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in healthy adults, but its dysregulation is a hallmark of many diseases, especially cancer.

Angiogenesis is the vital physiological process of forming new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. It is a tightly regulated process essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in healthy adults, but its dysregulation is a hallmark of many diseases, especially cancer. Angiogenesis is a complex, multi-step process primarily driven by the need of a tissue for more oxygen and nutrients (often triggered by hypoxia, or low oxygen levels). Low oxygen levels cause cells to release pro-angiogenic factors, most importantly Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). VEGF binds to receptors (VEGFRs) on the endothelial cells lining the existing blood vessel, activating them. The activated endothelial cells, particularly the leading "tip cells," release proteolytic enzymes (like Matrix Metalloproteinases, MMPs) that degrade the surrounding basement membrane and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The tip cells then migrate into the surrounding tissue, creating a sprout toward the angiogenic stimulus. Stalk cells follow the tip cells, proliferating to elongate the sprout. The sprouts connect with neighboring vessels (anastomosis) to form a new loop. Pericytes (smooth muscle-like cells) are recruited to wrap around the new vessel, providing stability and completing the maturation process.The process is governed by the delicate balance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors.

Pro-Angiogenic VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor): The master regulator, stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration. FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor): Promotes endothelial cell growth and the overall process. Anti-Angiogenic Angiostatin: Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1): Inhibits the migration of endothelial cells.

Angiogenesis is a beneficial and self-limiting process in normal physiology. It is essential for building the entire vascular system during growth. It is a critical component of the proliferative phase, forming the rich network of capillaries in granulation tissue to supply the wound with oxygen and immune cells. Occurs cyclically in the uterus to build and shed the endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Helps increase blood supply to heart and muscle tissues in response to increased metabolic demand. In disease, angiogenesis is often uncontrolled and excessive, contributing to disease progression. In cancer, tumors cannot grow beyond 1-2 mm in size without a blood supply. They hijack the angiogenic process by secreting massive amounts of pro-angiogenic factors (like VEGF) to build their own disorganized vascular network, which supplies nutrients and provides a route for metastasis (cancer spread). In ocular diseases, excessive and abnormal vessel growth in the eye, such as in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) or Diabetic Retinopathy, can lead to leakage, hemorrhage, and blindness. In inflammatory diseases, it contributes to the joint damage in conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis by supplying the inflamed tissue with nutrients and inflammatory cells. The ability to therapeutically modulate angiogenesis by stimulating it for wound healing/ischemic diseases or inhibiting it for cancer/ocular diseases is a major focus of medical research.

Human Angiogenesis Primer Library
A ready-to-use Human Angiogenesis PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against angiogenesis genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



GENE LIST:

ADAMTS1 ADAM metallopeptidase

AKT1 V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1

ANGPT1 Angiopoietin 1

ANGPT2 Angiopoietin 2

ANGPTL3 Angiopoietin-like 3

ANGPTL4 Angiopoietin-like 4

ANPEP Alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase

BAI1 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1

CCL11 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11

CCL2 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

CDH5 Cadherin 5, type 2, VE-cadherin

COL18A1 Collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1

COL4A2 Collagen, type IV, alpha 2

CXCL1 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1

CXCL11 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11

CXCL2 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2

CXCL5 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5

CXCL6 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6

CXCL9 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9

ECGF1 Endothelial cell growth factor 1

EDG1 Endothelial differentiation, sphingolipid G- protein-coupled receptor, 1

EFNA1 Ephrin-A1

EFNA3 Ephrin-A3

EFNA5 Ephrin-A5

EFNB2 Ephrin-B2

EGF Epidermal growth factor

ENG Endoglin (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1)

EPHB4 EPH receptor B4

EREG Epiregulin

FGF1 Fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic)

FGF2 Fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)

FGFR3 Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3

FIGF C-fos induced growth factor

FLT1 Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1

HAND1 Heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1

HGF Hepatocyte growth factor

HIF1A Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit

HPSE Heparanase

ID1 Inhibitor of DNA binding 1

ID3 Inhibitor of DNA binding 3

IFNA1 Interferon, alpha 1

IFNB1 Interferon, beta 1, fibroblast

IFNG Interferon, gamma

IGF1 Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)

IL1B Interleukin 1, beta

IL6 Interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)

IL8 Interleukin 8

ITGAV Integrin, alpha V

ITGB3 Integrin, beta 3

JAG1 Jagged 1 (Alagille syndrome)

KDR Kinase insert domain receptor

LAMA5 Laminin, alpha 5

LECT1 Leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 1

LEP Leptin (obesity homolog, mouse)

LTA Lymphotoxin A

MDK Midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)

MMP2 Matrix metallopeptidase

MMP9 Matrix metallopeptidase 9

NOTCH1 Notch homolog 1

NRP1 Neuropilin 1

NRP2 Neuropilin 2

PDGFA Platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide

PECAM1 Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule

PF4 Platelet factor 4 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4)

PGF Placental growth factor

PLAU Plasminogen activator, urokinase

PLG Plasminogen

PLXDC1 Plexin domain containing 1

PROK2 Prokineticin 2

PTGS1 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1

SERPINF1 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F

SPHK1 Sphingosine kinase 1

STAB1 Stabilin 1

TEK TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial

TGFA Transforming growth factor, alpha

TGFB1 Transforming growth factor, beta 1

TGFB2 Transforming growth factor, beta 2

TGFBR1 Transforming growth factor, beta receptor I

THBS1 Thrombospondin 1

THBS2 Thrombospondin 2

TIMP1 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1

TIMP2 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2

TIMP3 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3

TNF Tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)

TNFAIP2 Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2

VEGFA Vascular endothelial growth factor A

VEGFB Vascular endothelial growth factor B

VEGFC Vascular endothelial growth factor C

ACTB Actin, beta

B2M Beta-2-microglobulin

GAPD Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

PGK Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a

$495.00
HAPL-I
Mouse Angiogenesis Primer Library
A ready-to-use Mouse Angiogenesis PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against angiogenesis genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



GENE LIST:

Adamts1 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1

Akt1 V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1

Angpt1 Angiopoietin 1

Angpt2 Angiopoietin 2

Angptl3 Angiopoietin-like 3

Angptl4 Angiopoietin-like 4

Anpep Alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase

Bai1 Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1

Ccl11 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11

Ccl2 Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2

Cdh5 Cadherin 5, type 2, VE-cadherin

Col18A1 Collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1

Col4A2 Collagen, type IV, alpha 2

Cxcl1 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1

Cxcl11 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11

Cxcl2 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2

Cxcl5 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5

Cxcl9 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9

Cxcl10 Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10

Tymp Thymidine phosphorylase

S1pr1 Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1

Efna1 Ephrin-A1

Efna3 Ephrin-A3

Efna5 Ephrin-A5

Efnb2 Ephrin-B2

Egf Epidermal growth factor (beta-urogastrone)

Eng Endoglin (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1)

Ephb4 EPH receptor B4

Ereg Epiregulin

Fgf1 Fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic)

Fgf2 Fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)

Fgfr3 Fibroblast growth factor receptor

Figf C-fos induced growth factor

Flt1 Fms-related tyrosine kinase 1

Hand1 Heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2

Hgf Hepatocyte growth factor

Hif1a Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit

Hpse Heparanase

Id1 Inhibitor of DNA binding 1

Id3 Inhibitor of DNA binding 3

Ifna1 Interferon, alpha 1

Ifnb1 Interferon, beta 1, fibroblast

Ifng Interferon, gamma

Igf1 Insulin-like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)

Il1b Interleukin 1, beta

Il6 Interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)

Il10 Interleukin 10

Itgav Integrin, alpha V

Itgb3 Integrin, beta 3

Jag1 Jagged 1 (Alagille syndrome)

Kdr Kinase insert domain receptor

Lama5 Laminin, alpha 5

Lect1 Leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 1

Lep Leptin (obesity homolog, mouse)

Lta Lymphotoxin A

Mdk Midkine (neurite growth-promoting factor 2)

Mmp2 Matrix metallopeptidase 2

Mmp9 Matrix metallopeptidase 9

Notch1 Notch homolog 4 (Drosophila)

Nrp1 Neuropilin 1

Nrp2 Neuropilin 2

Pdgfa Platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide

Pecam1 Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule

Pf4 Platelet factor 4 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4)

Pgf Placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein

Plau Plasminogen activator, urokinase

Plg Plasminogen

Plxdc1 Plexin domain containing 1

Prok2 Prokineticin 2

Ptgs1 Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase)

Serpinf1 Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F

Sphk1 Sphingosine kinase 1

Tek TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial (venous malformations, multiple cutaneous and mucosal)

Tgfa Transforming growth factor, alpha

Tgfb1 Transforming growth factor, beta 1

Tgfb2 Transforming growth factor, beta 2

Tgfb3 Transforming growth factor, beta 2

Tgfbr1 Transforming growth factor, beta receptor I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa)

Thbs1 Thrombospondin 1

Thbs2 Thrombospondin 2

Timp1 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1

Timp2 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2

Timp3 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (Sorsby fundus dystrophy, pseudoinflammatory)

Tnf Tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)

Tnfaip2 Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2 Vegfa Vascular endothelial growth factor A

Vegfb Vascular endothelial growth factor B

Vegfc Vascular endothelial growth factor C

Actb Actin, beta

B2m Beta-2-microglobulin

Gapdh Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

Hprt1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

Pgk Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

Ppia Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

Rpl13a Ribosomal protein L13a
$495.00
MAPL-I