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Amino acid metabolism

Amino acid metabolism is the set of biochemical processes that govern the synthesis, breakdown, and interconversion of amino acids. These molecules, best known as the building blocks of proteins, are also crucial for energy production and the creation of many specialized biological compounds.

Key Functions of Amino Acid Metabolism

Amino acid metabolism serves several vital roles beyond protein synthesis. When carbohydrates and fats are scarce, the carbon skeletons of amino acids can be broken down to generate intermediates that enter the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle to produce ATP (cellular energy). Depending on their carbon structure, amino acids can be converted into: Glucogenic intermediates (e.g., pyruvate, oxaloacetate) that can be used to synthesize glucose (gluconeogenesis). Ketogenic intermediates (e.g., acetyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA) can be used to synthesize ketone bodies. Nitrogen Disposal: The amino group must be removed during catabolism. Excess nitrogen is toxic (as ammonia) and is converted to non-toxic urea via the urea cycle in the liver, which is then excreted. Amino acids are precursors for numerous essential non-protein molecules, including catecholamines (Epinephrine/Norepinephrine) from tyrosine, serotonin and melatonin from tryptophan, and GABA from glutamate. Components of DNA and RNA. Other nitrogenous compounds: heme, creatine, and glutathione.

Human Amino Acid Metabolism Primer Library
A ready-to-use Human Amino Acid Metabolism PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against amino acid metabolism genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



Gene List:

ACAA1 Acetyl-Coa Acyltransferase 1

ACADM Acyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase, Medium Chain

ACLY Atp Citrate Lyase

ACO2 Aconitase 2, Mitochondrial

ACSS1 Acyl-Coa Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 1

ADH1 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1 (Class I)

ADH4 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4 (Class Ii), Pi Polypeptide

ADH5 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 5 (Class Iii), Chi Polypeptide

ADH7 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 7 (Class Iv), Mu Or Sigma Polypeptide

ALDH1A1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family 1, Subfamily A1

ALDH7A1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family 7, Subfamily A1

AOC3 Amine Oxidase, Copper Containing 3

ARG1 Arginase, Liver

ARG2 Arginase Type II

ASL Argininosuccinate Lyase

ASS1 Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1

AUH Au Rna Binding Protein/Enoyl-Coenzyme A Hydratase

BCAT1 Branched Chain Aminotransferase 1, Cytosolic

BHMT Betaine--Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase

CBS Cystathionine-Beta-Synthase

CS Citrate Synthase

CTH Cystathionase (Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase)

DBH Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase

DDC Dopa Decarboxylase

DLD Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase

DLST Dihydrolipoamide S-Succinyltransferase (E2 Component Of 2-Oxo-Glutarate Complex)

EHHADH Enoyl-Coa, Hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase

EPRS Glutamyl-Prolyl-Trna Synthetase

FAH Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase

FH1 Fumarate Hydratase 1

FTCD Formiminotransferase Cyclodeaminase

G6PC Glucose-6-Phosphatase, Catalytic Subunit

GCLC Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, Catalytic Subunit

GLS Glutaminase

GLUD1 Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1

GLUL Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase

GOT1 Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase 1, Soluble

GOT2 Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase 2, Mitochondrial

GPT Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Soluble

GSR Glutathione Reductase

GSS Glutathione Synthetase

HADH Hydroxyacyl-Coa Dehydrogenase

HAL Histidine Ammonia Lyase

HDC Histidine Decarboxylase

HIBADH 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate Dehydrogenase

HMGCL 3-Hydroxymethyl-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Lyase

HMGCS2 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Synthase 2

HNMT Histamine N-Methyltransferase

IDH1 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (Nadp+), Soluble

IDH1 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (Nadp+), Soluble

LARS Leucyl-Trna Synthetase

LARS2 Leucyl-Trna Synthetase, Mitochondrial

MAOA Monoamine Oxidase A

MARS2 Methionine-Trna Synthetase 2 (Mitochondrial)

MCCC1 Methylcrotonoyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase 1 (Alpha)

MDH1 Malate Dehydrogenase 1, Nad (Soluble)

MDH2 Malate Dehydrogenase 2, Nad (Mitochondrial)

MPST Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase

ODC1 Ornithine Decarboxylase 1

OGDH Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)

OTC Ornithine Transcarbamylase

P4HA2 Procollagen-Proline, 2-Oxoglutarate 4-Dioxygenase (Proline 4-Hydroxylase), Alpha Ii Polypeptide

PCK1 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 1, Cytosolic

PCX Pyruvate Carboxylase

PDHA1 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Alpha 1

PDHX Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Component X

PDK4 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase, Isoenzyme 4

PDP1 Pyruvate Dehyrogenase Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 1

PDPR Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase Regulatory Subunit

PKM2 Pyruvate Kinase, Muscle

PNMT Phenylethanolamine-N-Methyltransferase

PRODH Proline Dehydrogenase

PYCR1 Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase 1

ALDH18A1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 18 Family, Member A1

RARS Arginyl-Trna Synthetase

SDHA Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex, Subunit A, Flavoprotein (Fp)

SDHD Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex, Subunit D, Integral Membrane Protein

SDS Serine Dehydratase

SMS Spermine Synthase

SRM Spermidine Synthase

SUCLG1 Succinate-Coa Ligase, Gdp-Forming, Alpha Subunit

TAT Tyrosine Aminotransferase

TDO2 Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase

TH Tyrosine Hydroxylase

TPH1 Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1

TPO Thyroid Peroxidase

VARS2 Valyl-Trna Synthetase 2, Mitochondrial (Putative)

WARS Tryptophanyl-Trna Synthetase

ACTB Actin, beta

B2M Beta-2-microglobulin

GAPD Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

PGK Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a
$595.00
HAMM-I
Mouse Amino Acid Metabolism Primer Library
A ready-to-use Mouse Amino Acid Metabolism PCR primer library that may be used to set up to 100 PCR arrays. Contains 88 primer sets directed against amino acid metabolism genes and 8 housekeeping gene primer sets.

Provided in a 96-well microplate (20 ul - 10 uM)

Perform up to 100 PCR arrays (based on 20 ul assay volume per reaction)

Just add cDNA template and SYBR green master mix



Gene List:

ACAA1 Acetyl-Coa Acyltransferase 1

ACADM Acyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase, Medium Chain

ACLY Atp Citrate Lyase

ACO2 Aconitase 2, Mitochondrial

ACSS1 Acyl-Coa Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 1

ADH1 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1 (Class I)

ADH4 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 4 (Class Ii), Pi Polypeptide

ADH5 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 5 (Class Iii), Chi Polypeptide

ADH7 Alcohol Dehydrogenase 7 (Class Iv), Mu Or Sigma Polypeptide

ALDH1A1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family 1, Subfamily A1

ALDH7A1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Family 7, Subfamily A1

AOC3 Amine Oxidase, Copper Containing 3

ARG1 Arginase, Liver

ARG2 Arginase Type II

ASL Argininosuccinate Lyase

ASS1 Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1

AUH Au Rna Binding Protein/Enoyl-Coenzyme A Hydratase

BCAT1 Branched Chain Aminotransferase 1, Cytosolic

BHMT Betaine--Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase

CBS Cystathionine-Beta-Synthase

CS Citrate Synthase

CTH Cystathionase (Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase)

DBH Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase

DDC Dopa Decarboxylase

DLD Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase

DLST Dihydrolipoamide S-Succinyltransferase (E2 Component Of 2-Oxo-Glutarate Complex)

EHHADH Enoyl-Coa, Hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenase

EPRS Glutamyl-Prolyl-Trna Synthetase

FAH Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase

FH1 Fumarate Hydratase 1

FTCD Formiminotransferase Cyclodeaminase

G6PC Glucose-6-Phosphatase, Catalytic Subunit

GCLC Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, Catalytic Subunit

GLS Glutaminase

GLUD1 Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1

GLUL Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase

GOT1 Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase 1, Soluble

GOT2 Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase 2, Mitochondrial

GPT Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Soluble

GSR Glutathione Reductase

GSS Glutathione Synthetase

HADH Hydroxyacyl-Coa Dehydrogenase

HAL Histidine Ammonia Lyase

HDC Histidine Decarboxylase

HIBADH 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate Dehydrogenase

HMGCL 3-Hydroxymethyl-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Lyase

HMGCS2 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Synthase 2

HNMT Histamine N-Methyltransferase

IDH1 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (Nadp+), Soluble

IDH1 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (Nadp+), Soluble

LARS Leucyl-Trna Synthetase

LARS2 Leucyl-Trna Synthetase, Mitochondrial

MAOA Monoamine Oxidase A

MARS2 Methionine-Trna Synthetase 2 (Mitochondrial)

MCCC1 Methylcrotonoyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase 1 (Alpha)

MDH1 Malate Dehydrogenase 1, Nad (Soluble)

MDH2 Malate Dehydrogenase 2, Nad (Mitochondrial)

MPST Mercaptopyruvate Sulfurtransferase

ODC1 Ornithine Decarboxylase 1

OGDH Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)

OTC Ornithine Transcarbamylase

P4HA2 Procollagen-Proline, 2-Oxoglutarate 4-Dioxygenase (Proline 4-Hydroxylase), Alpha Ii Polypeptide

PCK1 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 1, Cytosolic

PCX Pyruvate Carboxylase

PDHA1 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1 Alpha 1

PDHX Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Component X

PDK4 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase, Isoenzyme 4

PDP1 Pyruvate Dehyrogenase Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 1

PDPR Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase Regulatory Subunit

PKM2 Pyruvate Kinase, Muscle

PNMT Phenylethanolamine-N-Methyltransferase

PRODH Proline Dehydrogenase

PYCR1 Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase 1

ALDH18A1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 18 Family, Member A1

RARS Arginyl-Trna Synthetase

SDHA Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex, Subunit A, Flavoprotein (Fp)

SDHD Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex, Subunit D, Integral Membrane Protein

SDS Serine Dehydratase

SMS Spermine Synthase

SRM Spermidine Synthase

SUCLG1 Succinate-Coa Ligase, Gdp-Forming, Alpha Subunit

TAT Tyrosine Aminotransferase

TDO2 Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase

TH Tyrosine Hydroxylase

TPH1 Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1

TPO Thyroid Peroxidase

VARS2 Valyl-Trna Synthetase 2, Mitochondrial (Putative)

WARS Tryptophanyl-Trna Synthetase

ACTB Actin, beta

B2M Beta-2-microglobulin

GAPD Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GUSB Glucuronidase, beta

HPRT1 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1

PGK Phosphoglycerate kinase 1

PPIA Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

RPL13A Ribosomal protein L13a
$495.00
MAMM-I